Target 10.c: The global average cost of sending $200 in remittances decreased from 9.3% in 2011, to 7.42% in 2016 and 6.3% in 2021, which remains more than twice the SDG 10.c target of 3%. Globally, in 2021, 63% of 138 countries with data reported having a wide range of policies to facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, defined as having policy measures for 80% or more of the 30 sub-categories under the six domains of the indicator.By the same time, the ratio of refugees to every 100,000 people has risen to 398, an 87% increase from 2015, as forced displacement continues to rise. By mid-2022 there were 32.5 million refugees worldwide, among 103 million forcibly displaced persons. The number of people displaced from their countries due to war, conflict, persecution, human rights violations, and public disorder has increased annually for over a decade.However, the real number of lives lost is certainly higher. Target 10.7: IOM’s Missing Migrants Project has recorded 54,127 deaths on migratory routes worldwide since 2015, of which 6,878 were recorded in 2022. As earnings from work are particularly important for the less well-off and vulnerable, and as lower-income workers have been disproportionately impacted by the crisis, the observed decline is disconcerting. This decline represents $590 (PPP) per worker on average. Target 10.4: The share of economic output earned by workers has experienced a sizeable decline in the last 15 years, from 54.1% in 2004 to 52.6% in 2019. Yet the share living below half the median remains worryingly high in many countries: In 17 countries, more than 20% of the population lives below half the national median. This trend continued during COVID-19, in large part because of generous social assistance programs implemented in several countries. Target 10.2: For the 53 countries with information in 20, on average, the share of people living below half the median has declined by 1 percentage point, from 13.4% to 12.5%. Sparse data from the pandemic suggest that two-thirds of 50 countries have experienced shared prosperity post-2019, driven by Northern America and Europe where in many countries, transfers mitigated the economic impacts of the pandemic on the bottom of distributions. Target 10.1: Across 119 countries with data available prior to the pandemic, more than half of them have achieved income growth of the bottom 40% of the population at a rate higher than the national average. Achieving SDG 10 requires concerted efforts to address the root causes of wage disparities and access to resources both within- and between-country inequality. By mid-2022, one in 251 people worldwide was a refugee, the highest proportion ever documented. Record numbers are being forced to flee conflicts and economic hardship. The impacts of the pandemic and uneven recoveries in different regions of the world threaten to reverse that trend and further worsen global inequality. Before the pandemic, the incomes of the bottom 40% of the population grew faster than the national average in a majority of countries.
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